JAYAPALA (Seed)
Jayapala consists of dried seed of Croton tiglium Linn. (Fam. Euphorbiacem); a small evergreen tree, 5-7 m high, found throughout tropical India.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Mukula, Tintidiphala.
Assamese : Kanibish
Bengali : Jaipala
English : Croton
Gujrati : Nepalo, Jamalagota
Hindi : Jamalgota
Kannada : Nepal, Japal beej, Japala, Nervala
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Nervalam, Neervalam
Marathi : Jepal, Japal
Oriya : —
Punjabi : Japolota
Tamil : Nervalam, Neervalam, Valam
Telugu : Nepalamu
Urdu : Jamalgota
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Seed albuminous, ovate, oblong, slightly quadrangular, convex on dorsal and somewhat flattened on ventral surface, about 12 mm in length and resemble castor seed in shape, dull cinnamon-brown, often mottled with black due to abrasion in testa, caruncle easily detatched and usually absent, hilum on ventral side less distinct than that of castor seed, raphe runs along ventral surface of seed, terminating in a dark chalaza at opposite extremity, kernel yellowish and oily, consisting of a large endosperm, enclosing papery cotyledons and a small radicle, no marked odour; kernel gives at first oily taste followed by an unpleasant acridity.
b) Microscopic
Seed – Shows a hard testa, consisting of an epidermal layer, covered externally with a thick cuticle and composed of oval and tangentially elongated cells, filled with brownish content; epidermis followed by a layer of radially elongated cells, slightly bent at middle, upper half portion filled with reddish-brown and lower half filled with yellow contents; inner most zone consists of tangentially elongated, thin-walled cells; endosperm consists of polygonal parenchymatous cells filled with oil globules, a few cells having rosette crystals of calciwn oxalate; central region of endosperm shows a dicotyledonous embryo consisting of thin-walled parenchymatous cells.
Powder – White with black particles of testa; under microscope shows elongated cells containing reddish-brown and yellow contents, oil globules and a few rosette crystals of calcium oxalate.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 3 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 0.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 15 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 7 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract of the drug on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using n-Butanol :
Acetic acid : Water (4: 1 :5) shows under U.V. (366 nm) three spots at Rf. 0.34, 0.54 and 0.84 (all violet). On exposure to Iodine vapour six spots appear at Rf. 0.10, 0.29, 0.39, 0.49, 0.63 and 0.90 (all yellow). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate at 105°C for ten minutes three spots appear at Rf. 0.34 (grey), 0.54 (yellow), 0.84 (brown).
CONSTITUENTS – Fixed oil, Resins & Phorbol esters.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura
Guna : Guru, Snigdha
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Kaphahara, Pittahara, Recana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Icchabhedi Rasa, Asvakancuki Rasa.
THERAPEUTIC USES – Jvara, Udararoga, Vibandha
DOSE – 6-12 mg. of the drug in powder form.
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